Dealer Reviews
Service Reviews
Cars for Sale
Dealer Log In
All Salespeople
Sales Department
2023 Cadillac Escalade
$73,405•used
Basics
Condition
used
Interior Color
parchment with jet black accents
Exterior Color
black raven
Drivetrain
All-wheel Drive
Transmission
Automatic
Fuel
Gas
Engine
EcoTec3 6.2L V-8 gasoline direct injection, variable valve contr
VIN
1GYS4BKL5PR233954
Stock Number
RAA3279
Mileage
39,469
Features
Exterior
•
Alloy Wheels
•
LED Headlights
•
Sunroof/Moonroof
•
Tow Hitch
Seating
•
Third Row Seating
•
Cooled Seats
•
Heated Seats
•
Leather Seats
•
Memory Seat
Convenience
•
Adaptive Cruise Control
•
Navigation System
•
Keyless Start
•
Heated Steering Wheel
•
Power Liftgate
•
USB Port
Safety
•
Automatic Emergency Braking
•
Backup Camera
•
Blind Spot Monitor
•
Brake Assist
•
Stability Control
•
Lane Departure Warning
•
Rear Cross Traffic Alert
View Full List of Features
Features
These features are associated with this vehicle type. Contact the seller to confirm this specific vehicle has them.
- 120V AC power outlets 1 120V AC power outlet
- 12V power outlets 2 12V power outlets
- 16.9 Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen
- 19 Speakers
- 2-Presets Memory For Driver Seat Adjuster
- 2-Way Driver Power Lumbar Seat Adjuster
- 2-Way Front Passenger Power Lumbar Seat Adjuster
- 3.23 Axle Ratio
- 3rd row seats: split-bench
- 4-Way Power Driver Lumbar Seat Adjuster
- 4-Way Power Front Passenger Lumbar Seat Adjuster
- 4-Wheel Disc Brakes
- 4WD type Part and full-time AWD
- 8-Way Power Driver Seat Adjuster
- 8-Way Power Front Passenger Seat Adjuster
- ABS Brakes 4-wheel antilock (ABS) brakes
- ABS Brakes Four channel ABS brakes
- ABS brakes
- AKG Studio 19-Speaker Audio System
- AM/FM radio: SiriusXM with 360L
- Accessory power Retained accessory power
- Adaptive Cruise Control
- Air Conditioning
- Air conditioning Yes
- All Wheel Drive
- All-in-one key All-in-one remote fob and ignition key
- Alloy wheels
- Alternator Type Alternator
- Ambient lighting
- Amplifier
- Android Auto
- Antenna Window grid audio antenna
- Apple CarPlay
- Apple CarPlay/Android Auto
- Armrests front center Front seat center armrest
- Armrests front storage Front seat armrest storage
- Armrests rear mounted Second-row outboard-only mounted armrests
- Audio memory
- Augmented reality navigation system
- Auto High-beam Headlights
- Auto door locks Auto-locking doors
- Auto headlights Auto on/off headlight control
- Auto high-beam headlights IntelliBeam auto high-beam headlights
- Auto levelling headlights Auto-leveling headlights
- Auto tilt steering wheel Auto tilt-away steering wheel
- Auto tilt-away steering wheel
- Auto-dimming Rear-View mirror
- Auto-dimming door mirror driver Auto-dimming driver side mirror
- Auto-dimming door mirrors
- Automatic Emergency Braking
- Automatic Seat Belt Tightening
- Automatic brake hold
- Automatic temperature control
- Automatic vehicle parking Enhanced Automatic Parking Assist automatic vehicle parking
- Autonomous cruise control Hands-off cruise control
- Autonomous cruise control Super Cruise hands-off cruise control
- Auxiliary rear heater
- Backup Camera
- Basic warranty 48 month/50
- 000 miles
- Battery charge warning
- Battery run down protection
- Battery type Heavy-duty lead acid battery
- Bench seats Third-row split-bench seat
- Beverage holders Front beverage holders
- Beverage holders rear Rear beverage holders
- Blind Spot Monitor
- Blind spot Trailer Side Blind Zone Alert blind spot warning
- Body panels Galvanized steel/aluminum body panels with side impact beams
- Bodyside insert Metal-look bodyside insert
- Brake Assist
- Brake assist
- Brake assist system
- Brake pad warning Brake pad wear indicator
- Brake type Brembo 4-wheel disc brakes
- Built-in virtual assistant Alexa Built-In built-in virtual assistant
- Bumper insert Metal-look front and rear bumper inserts
- Bumpers front Body-colored front bumper
- Bumpers rear Body-colored rear bumper
- Bumpers: body-color
- Cabin air filter
- Camera HD Surround Vision aerial view camera
- Capless fuel filler
- Cargo access Proximity cargo area access release
- Cargo floor type Carpet cargo area floor
- Cargo light Cargo area light
- Center airbag front Front center airbag
- Child door locks Manual rear child safety door locks
- Climate control Automatic climate control
- Clock In-radio display clock
- Compass
- Concealed cargo storage Cargo area concealed storage
- Configurable instrumentation gauges
- Console insert material Simulated wood console insert
- Cooled Driver Seat
- Cooled Passenger Seat
- Cooled front seats Ventilated driver and front passenger seats
- Corrosion perforation warranty 72 month/unlimited
- Cruise control Cruise control with steering wheel mounted controls
- Cylinder head material Aluminum cylinder head
- Day/Night rearview mirror
- Delay off headlights Delay-off headlights
- Delay-off headlights
- Digital signal processor
- Door Lock & Latch Shields
- Door ajar warning Rear cargo area ajar warning
- Door bins front Driver and passenger door bins
- Door bins rear Rear door bins
- Door handle material Metal-look door handles
- Door locks Power door locks with 2 stage unlocking
- Door mirror style Body-colored door mirrors
- Door mirror type Standard style side mirrors
- Door mirror with tilt-down in reverse Power driver and passenger door mirrors with tilt down in reverse
- Door panel insert Simulated wood door panel insert
- Door trim insert Leatherette door trim insert
- Drive type All-wheel drive
- Driver door bin
- Driver foot rest
- Driver information center
- Driver lumbar Driver seat with 2-way power lumbar
- Driver seat direction Driver seat with 8-way directional controls
- Driver vanity mirror
- Drivetrain selectable Driver selectable drivetrain mode
- Dual Climate Control
- Dual front impact airbags
- Dual front side impact airbags
- Dual-zone front climate control
- Electronic Limited-Slip Differential
- Electronic Stability Control
- Electronic parking brake
- Electronic stability control StabiliTrak electronic stability control system with anti-roll
- Emergency SOS OnStar and Cadillac connected services capable vehicle integrated emergency SOS system
- Emergency communication system: OnStar and Cadillac connected services capable
- Emissions LEV3-ULEV125 emissions
- Emissions tiers Tier 3 Bin 125 emissions
- Engine Cylinders EcoTec3 V8
- Engine EcoTec3 6.2L V-8 gasoline direct injection
- variable valve control
- premium unleaded
- engine with cylinder deactivation and 420HP
- Engine Location Front mounted engine
- Engine Mounting direction Longitudinal mounted engine
- Engine block material Aluminum engine block
- Engine cooler Engine oil cooler
- Engine temperature warning
- Engine/electric motor temperature gage
- Enhanced Automatic Emergency Braking
- Enhanced Automatic Parking Assist
- Equalizer Automatic audio equalizer
- Exterior Parking Camera Rear
- External memory External memory control
- First-row sunroof First and second-row sliding and tilting glass sunroof with express open/close activation sunshade
- First-row windows Power first-row windows
- Floor console Full floor console
- Floor console storage Covered floor console storage
- Floor coverage Full floor coverage
- Floor covering Full carpet floor covering
- Floor mats Carpet front and rear floor mats
- Fob engine controls Smart key with hands-free access and push button start
- Fob remote vehicle controls Smart device and keyfob engine start control
- Fob window controls Keyfob window control
- Folding door mirrors Power folding door mirrors
- Fore and aft second-row seat Second-row seats with manual fore and aft
- Forward collision warning Enhanced Automatic Emergency Braking forward collision mitigation
- Four wheel independent suspension
- Front Bucket Seats
- Front Center Armrest w/Storage
- Front License Plate Bracket
- Front anti-roll Front anti-roll bar
- Front anti-roll bar
- Front camera Front mounted camera
- Front dual zone A/C
- Front head restraint control Manual front seat head restraint control
- Front head restraints Height adjustable front seat head restraints
- Front impact airbag driver Driver front impact airbag
- Front impact airbag passenger Passenger front impact airbag
- Front passenger lumbar Front passenger seat with 2-way power lumbar
- Front reading lights
- Front seat upholstery Leather front seat upholstery
- Front seatback upholstery Leatherette front seatback upholstery
- Front side impact airbag driver Seat mounted side impact driver airbag
- Front side impact airbag passenger Seat mounted side impact front passenger airbag
- Front windshield solar coating
- Fuel Type Premium Unleaded
- Fuel door lock Power fuel door lock
- Full gage cluster screen
- Fully automatic headlights
- Gage cluster display size (inches) Gage cluster display size: 14.20
- Garage door opener
- Garage door transmitter
- Gearshifter material Leather and piano black gear shifter material
- Glass Breakage Sensor
- Glove box Illuminated locking glove box
- Grille style Metal-look grille
- HD Radio
- Handsfree Bluetooth handsfree wireless device connectivity
- Head up display Head-up display
- Head-Up Display
- Headlight type Projector beam headlights
- Headlights LED low and high beam headlights
- Headlights on reminder
- Headliner coverage Full headliner coverage
- Headliner material Cloth headliner material
- Heads-Up Display
- Heated & Ventilated Driver & Front Passenger Seats
- Heated Driver & Front Passenger Seats
- Heated Seats
- Heated Steering Wheel
- Heated door mirrors
- Heated door mirrors Heated driver and passenger side door mirrors
- Heated front seats
- Heated front seats Heated driver and front passenger seats
- Heated rear seats
- Heated steering wheel
- Height adjustable seatbelts Front height adjustable seatbelts
- High mount stop light High mounted center stop light
- Hill Start Assist
- Hitch Guidance w/Hitch View
- Ignition Spark ignition system
- Illuminated entry
- Illuminated glove box
- Illuminated ignition switch
- Immobilizer
- Instrumentation display Cadillac OLED Display digital/analog instrumentation display
- Integrated Trailer Brake Controller
- Integrated navigation Integrated navigation system with voice activation
- Interior accents Piano black and chrome interior accents
- Interior courtesy lights Fade interior courtesy lights
- Internet access Wi-Fi Hotspot capable mobile hotspot internet access
- Key in vehicle warning
- Keyfob cargo controls Keyfob trunk control
- Keyfob door locks Keyfob activated door locks
- Keyless Entry
- Keyless Start
- LED brake lights
- Laminated window Laminated side window glass
- Lane Change Alert w/Side Blind Zone Alert
- Lane Departure Warning
- Lane departure Lane Keep Assist with Lane Departure Warning
- Leather Seating Surfaces w/Mini-Chevron Perf Inserts
- Leather Seats
- Left camera Left side camera
- License plate front bracket Front license plate bracket
- Limited Slip Center Differential
- Limited slip differential Electro-mechanical limited slip differential
- Lock-up transmission
- Locking hub control Auto locking hub control
- Low level warnings Low level warning for oil
- coolant
- fuel and washer fluid
- Low tire pressure warning
- Low tire pressure warning Tire specific low air pressure warning
- Magnetic Ride Control Suspension
- Maintenance warranty 12 month/unlimited
- Mechanical Limited-Slip Differential
- Memory Seat
- Memory seat
- Memory settings Memory settings include: door mirrors
- steering wheel and audio controls
- Mobile app access
- Multiple headlights Multiple enclosed headlights
- Navigation System
- Not Equipped w/2nd Row Express-Up Window Control
- Not Equipped w/4-Way Driver & Fr Pass Pwr Lumbar
- Number of airbags 7 airbags
- Number of beverage holders 10 beverage holders
- Number of door entry light(s) 2 door entry light(s)
- Number of doors 4 doors
- Number of first-row screens 3 total number of 1st row displays
- Number of memory settings 2 memory settings
- Occupancy sensor Airbag occupancy sensor
- Occupant sensing airbag
- Oil pressure gage
- Oil pressure warning
- One-touch down window Front and rear one-touch down windows
- One-touch up window Front and rear one-touch up windows
- Outside temperature display
- Overdrive transmission
- Overhead airbag
- Overhead airbags Curtain first
- second and third-row overhead airbags
- Overhead console
- Overhead console Mini overhead console
- Paint Clearcoat paint
- Panel insert Simulated wood instrument panel insert
- Panic alarm
- Parking Assist
- Parking sensors Enhanced Automatic Parking Assist front and rear parking sensors
- Passenger door bin
- Passenger doors rear left Conventional left rear passenger door
- Passenger doors rear right Conventional right rear passenger door
- Passenger seat direction Front passenger seat with 8-way directional controls
- Passenger vanity mirror
- Pedestrian detection Front Pedestrian Braking
- Performance Package
- Perimeter approach lighting Remote activated perimeter approach lighting with puddle lights
- Power Driver Seat
- Power Liftgate
- Power Panoramic Tilt-Sliding Sunroof
- Power door mirrors
- Power driver seat
- Power driver seat controls Driver seat power reclining
- lumbar support
- cushion tilt
- fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Power moonroof
- Power passenger seat
- Power passenger seat controls Passenger seat power reclining
- lumbar support
- cushion tilt
- fore/aft control and height adjustable control
- Power steering
- Power windows
- Powertrain type ICE
- Powertrain warranty 72 month/70
- 000 miles
- Preferred Equipment Group 1SB
- Premium Smooth Ride Suspension
- Primary display size 16.9 inch primary display
- Primary display touchscreen Primary monitor touchscreen
- RDS Radio data system (RDS)
- Radiator
- Radio AM/FM/digital/SiriusXM with 360Lsatellite
- Radio data system
- Radio: AM/FM w/Navigation
- Rain Sensing Front Wipers
- Rain detecting wipers Rainsense rain detecting wipers
- Rain sensing wipers
- Rear Air Conditioning Controls
- Rear Camera Mirror
- Rear Camera Mirror Washer
- Rear Cross Traffic Alert
- Rear Spoiler
- Rear Springs Regular grade rear springs
- Rear air conditioning
- Rear anti-roll Rear anti-roll bar
- Rear anti-roll bar
- Rear bumper step
- Rear camera Rear camera with washer
- Rear cargo door Power liftgate rear cargo door
- Rear climate control Rear climate control system with separate controls
- Rear collision warning Reverse Automatic Braking collision mitigation
- Rear head restraint control 2 rear seat head restraints
- Rear head restraints Fixed rear head restraints
- Rear headliner/pillar ducts Rear headliner/pillar climate control ducts
- Rear reading lights
- Rear seat check warning Rear Seat Reminder rear seat check warning
- Rear seat direction Front facing rear seat
- Rear seat upholstery Leather rear seat upholstery
- Rear seatback upholstery Carpet rear seatback upholstery
- Rear under seat ducts Rear under seat climate control ducts
- Rear window cargo access Rear window cargo access keyfob release
- Rear window defroster
- Rear window wiper
- Rear windshield Flip-up rear windshield
- Rear windshield wipers Fixed interval rear windshield wipers
- Rearview mirror Auto-dimming rear view mirror
- Reclining second-row seats Manual reclining second-row seats
- Reconfigurable Full-Color Head-Up Display
- Remote keyless entry
- Remote panic alarm
- Restricted driving mode Teen Driver restricted driving mode
- Reverse Automatic Braking
- Right camera Right side camera
- Roadside warranty 72 month/70
- 000 miles
- Roof Rack
- Roof rack: xxxxxx
- Roof rails
- Running Board Assist Steps
- Running lights LED daytime running lights
- Satellite trial 3 month satellite trial subscription
- Seatback storage pockets 2 seatback storage pockets
- Seatbelt pretensioners Front seatbelt pretensioners
- Seatbelt pretensioners number 2 seatbelt pre-tensioners
- Seating capacity 7
- Second-row seat folding position Tumble forward second-row seat
- Second-row seats Second-row bucket seats
- Second-row seats fixed or removable Fixed second-row seats
- Second-row windows Power second-row windows
- Security system
- Seek scan
- Selectable mode transmission
- Sequential shift control Driver Shift Control Sequential shift control
- Service interval warning Service interval indicator
- Shock absorbers Magnetorheological shock absorbers
- Shutters Active grille shutters
- Side steps Side assist steps
- SiriusXM w/360L
- Smart Trailer Integration Indicator
- Smart device integration Apple CarPlay/Android Auto smart device wireless mirroring
- Spare tire Full-size spare tire with steel wheel
- Spare tire location Crank-down spare tire
- Speakers AKG Studio Reference speakers
- Speakers number 19 speakers
- Special paint Monotone paint
- Speed control
- Speed sensitive volume
- Speedometer Redundant digital speedometer
- Split folding rear seat
- Split front seats Bucket front seats
- Spoiler
- Spoiler Rear lip spoiler
- Springs front Front coil springs
- Springs rear Rear coil springs
- Stability Control
- Start-stop engine Auto stop-start engine
- Steering Electric power-assist steering system
- Steering mounted audio control Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Steering type Rack-pinion steering
- Steering type number of wheels 2-wheel steering system
- Steering wheel material Leatherette steering wheel
- Steering wheel memory
- Steering wheel mounted audio controls
- Steering wheel telescopic Power telescopic steering wheel
- Steering wheel tilt Power tilting steering wheel
- Sunroof/Moonroof
- Super Cruise
- Suspension Standard ride suspension
- Suspension auto correcting Adaptive ride suspension
- Suspension control Magnetic Ride Control
- Suspension ride type front Independent front suspension
- Suspension ride type rear Independent rear suspension
- Suspension type front Short and long arm front suspension
- Suspension type rear Multi-link rear suspension
- Tachometer
- Tailgate control Tailgate/power door lock
- Tailpipe Stainless steel dual exhaust with polished tailpipe finisher
- Teen Driver
- Telescoping steering wheel
- Temperature display Exterior temperature display
- Theft-Deterrent Alarm System
- Third Row Seating
- Third-row fold into floor seats Power fold into floor third-row seat
- Third-row head restraint number 2 third-row head restraints
- Third-row head restraints Fixed third-row head restraints
- Third-row seat facing Front facing third-row seat
- Third-row seat fixed or removable Removable third-row seats
- Third-row seat upholstery Leather rear seat upholstery
- Third-row seatback upholstery Carpet third-row seatback upholstery
- Third-row seats folding 60-40 folding third-row passenger seat
- Third-row windows Fixed third-row windows
- Tilt steering wheel
- Tinted windows Deep tinted windows
- Tire pressure Tire Fill Alert tire pressure fill assist
- Tires P275/50HR22 AS BSW front and rear tires
- Towing brake controller Trailer brake controller
- Towing capability Trailer towing capability
- Towing class Class IV tow rating
- Towing hitch Trailer hitch
- Towing trailer sway Trailer sway control
- Towing wiring harness Trailer wiring harness
- Traction Control
- Traction control
- Traction control All-speed ABS and driveline traction control
- Traffic camera 360 degree traffic cameras
- Trailer Hitch
- Trailer Side Blind Zone Alert
- Trailer light malfunction warning
- Transfer case Electronic transfer case shift
- Transmission 10-speed automatic
- Transmission Type Automatic
- Transmission electronic control
- Transmission fluid temperature warning Transmission fluid temp warning
- Transmission oil cooler Heavy-duty transmission oil cooler
- Transmission temperature gage Transmission fluid temperature gage
- Trip computer
- Trip odometer
- Trunk hatch Trunk/hatch auto-latching
- Trunk lid trim Plastic trunk lid trim
- Turn signal in door mirrors Turn signal indicator in door mirrors
- Turn signal indicator mirrors
- Turn-by-turn nav Turn-by-turn navigation system
- USB Port
- USB ports 5 USB ports
- Valet key
- Variable panel light Variable instrument panel light
- Variably intermittent wipers
- Vehicle Inclination Sensor
- Vehicle Interior Movement Sensor
- Vehicle and trailer reverse assist Trailering Assist Guidelines vehicle and trailer reverse assist with visual graphic guidance only
- Vehicle to trailer hitching assist Hitch Guidance with Hitch View vehicle to trailer hitching assist
- Vehicle tracker Vehicle tracker with vehicle slowdown
- Ventilated brakes Front and rear ventilated disc brakes
- Ventilated front seats
- Video rearview mirror Rear Camera Mirror video-feed rearview mirror
- Visor driver expandable coverage Driver visor with expandable coverage
- Visor driver mirror Driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated driver mirror Illuminated driver visor mirror
- Visor illuminated passenger mirror Illuminated passenger visor mirror
- Visor passenger expandable coverage Passenger visor with expandable coverage
- Visor passenger mirror Passenger visor mirror
- Voice activated audio Voice activated audio controls
- Voltmeter
- WIFI Hotspot
- Wheel Locks
- Wheel locks Wheel security locks
- Wheels 22 x 9-inch front and rear chrome aluminum wheels
- Wheels 22 x 9-inch front and rear polished w/painted accents aluminum wheels
- Wheels: 22 14-Spoke Alloy w/Polished Finish
- Window Trim Metal-look side window trim
- Wipers Variable intermittent front windshield wipers
- Wireless Apple CarPlay/Wireless Android Auto
- Wireless device charging Front wireless smart device charging
- Wireless streaming Bluetooth wireless audio streaming
Seller's Comments
Escalade Premium Luxury, 4D Sport Utility, 6.2L V8, 10-Speed Automatic, AWD, Black Raven, Parchment With Jet Black Accents Leather. Cadillac Certified Pre-Owned Details:
* Courtesy transportation & 24 hour Roadside Assistance for the life of the warranty and stringent 172-point inspection & reconditioning process. SiriusXM 3-month trial subscription.
* Vehicle History
* Roadside Assistance
* Transferable Warranty
* 172 Point Inspection
* Warranty Deductible: $0
* Limited Warranty: 12 Month/Unlimited Mile (whichever comes first) after new car warranty expires or from certified purchase date
Certified. 2023 Cadillac Escalade Premium Luxury Black Raven
Equipped with Performance Package (Electronic Limited-Slip Differential, Hitch Guidance w/Hitch View, Integrated Trailer Brake Controller, Magnetic Ride Control Suspension, Smart Trailer Integration Indicator, and Trailer Side Blind Zone Alert), Preferred Equipment Group 1SB (Adaptive Cruise Control, AKG Studio 19-Speaker Audio System, Automatic Seat Belt Tightening, Door Lock & Latch Shields, Enhanced Automatic Emergency Braking, Enhanced Automatic Parking Assist, Glass Breakage Sensor, Heated & Ventilated Driver & Front Passenger Seats, Lane Change Alert w/Side Blind Zone Alert, Mechanical Limited-Slip Differential, Power Panoramic Tilt-Sliding Sunroof, Rear Camera Mirror, Rear Camera Mirror Washer, Rear Cross Traffic Alert, Reconfigurable Full-Color Head-Up Display, Reverse Automatic Braking, Running Board Assist Steps, Theft-Deterrent Alarm System, Vehicle Inclination Sensor, and Vehicle Interior Movement Sensor), Escalade Premium Luxury, Cadillac Certified Pre-Owned Certified, 4D Sport Utility, 6.2L V8, 10-Speed Automatic, AWD, Black Raven, Parchment With Jet Black Accents Leather, 16.9 Diagonal OLED Infotainment Screen, 19 Speakers, 2-Presets Memory For Driver Seat Adjuster, 2-Way Driver Power Lumbar Seat Adjuster, 2-Way Front Passenger Power Lumbar Seat Adju
Ed Morse Alfa Romeo FIAT
4.8
|
381 Lifetime Reviews
11024 Causeway Boulevard
Brandon, Florida 33511
(813) 565-0093
Looking for someone to work with?
View salespeople at this dealershipSimilar Vehicles
*All advertised vehicle pricing excludes tax tag registration title and $999.00 Dealer Fee^. Prices do not include dealer installed options. New vehicle pricing includes all available manufacturer incentives and rebates which you may or may not qualify for and may expire or change at any time without notice. Advertised prices cannot be used in conjunction with special APR programs lease programs and cannot be combined with any other offers. Special APR programs are with approved credit only. Manufacturer incentive data APR offers and vehicle features are provided by third parties and believed to be accurate as of the time of publication. Must complete retail sale from dealer stock by month end. Dealer is not responsible for typographical errors and all vehicles are subject to prior sale.<br/>^These charges represent costs and profits to the dealer for items such as inspecting cleaning & adjusting vehicle and preparing documents related to the sale.
DealerRater Disclaimer: The information on vehicles provided in this service is supplied by the seller or other third parties; DealerRater is not responsible for the accuracy of such information. DealerRater provides this service and materials without representations or warranties of any kind, either expressed or implied.
Click here for more details.
